Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book free download pdf. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. Chemistry a2 aspirin thrombotic mechanism clarification a2 aspirin coursework aspirin synthesis chemistry a level aqa chemistry practical 10. Aspirin is synthesized through the reaction of salicylic acid with acetyl anhydride. Aspirin is probably the most well known of the analgesic pain relieving agents. If you cant start a fire, let the willow bark soak in the water for at least an hour. Aspirin background also known as acetylsalicylic acid abbreviated.
Aspirin contains polar functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. Percentage yield is worked out by actual yield of synthesised aspirin. Lab books are not a requirement of the cpac endorsement or the aqa as and alevel. The purpose of this experiment was to make aspirin via esterification, and to determine the percent yield we as a lab group made. If you dont have these purifiers, make a fire and boil the water for at least 10 minutes before using. Aspirin synthesis routes and referencing for my chemistry alevel at college i have to do a research piece on different synthesis routes of aspirin from the starting material. The aspirin will be prepared by reacting a weighed sample of salicylic acid with a weighed sample of acetic anhydride. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid acetosal is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic against minor pains and aches, antipyretic against fever, and antiinflammatory.
Analytical, transition metals, electrochemistry and organic nirtrogen chemistry. Practical 4 determination of an enthalpy of neutralisation. Free download organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, industrial chemistry, general chemistry, a level chemistry, igcse chemistry and other chemistry books in pdf. This agent exhibits analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant properties. Apr 12, 2019 gather some water from a nearby water source. Pdf this aim of this experiment focuses on the synthesis of pure aspirin.
Solvent suitable for this recrystallisation process is a mixture of ethanol and water. Next, we have to prepare recrystallisation of aspirin. The production and manufacture of aspirin aspirin is one of the most consumed painkillers created up to this date due to its reliability and low expense. There is also a great similarity between acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides acid chlorides as far as these reactions are concerned. Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, has a chemical formula of c9h8o4. Compounds of salicylic acid are found in some plants, notably white willow and meadowsweet spirea ulmaria.
The production and manufacture of aspirin essay example. Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics statement on practical work by glenys stacey, chief regulator at ofqual, april 2014 practical work and experimentation is at the heart of science. The crude product was dissolved in approximately 5ml of ethanol in a 100ml conical flask. In the presence of moisture, aspirin may decompose hydrolysis into salicylic acid and acetic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid binds to and acetylates serine residues in cyclooxygenases, resulting in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin, platelet aggregation, and inflammation. Aspirin is follows aspirin through its birth ancient sumer andor egypt using willow bark as medicinal treatment, childhood purification, chemical synthesis, adolescence the race for monopoly and profit, adulthood most popular drug on the planet, midlife crisis advent of new drugs such as tylenol and ibuprofen, and its sudden discovery that there is life after middle. The preparation of aspirin core practical 10a stage 1. Following this recommendation, at least two current general chemistry textbooks make liberal use of organic examples. This reaction would be very slow without a catalyst. The acid concentration is very high, so before titration it is diluted by pipetting 25 cm3 into a volumetric flask and making the solution up to 250 cm3. Aspirin is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. Required practicals for gcse science biology, chemistry and physics and a level chemistry.
May 07, 2012 mulchem, aspirin lab, gosewisch, ap chemistry. Students undertake the synthesis and analysis of aspirin. Covers the entire syllabus for cambridge international examinations international as and a level chemistry 9701. Preparation of aspirin report 1 preparation of aspirin. Aspirin synthesis routes and referencing for my chemistry a level at college i have to do a research piece on different synthesis routes of aspirin from the starting material.
The average tablet contains about 325 milligrams of the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid combined with an inert binding material such as starch. The aspirin formed will be contaminated with acetic acid and must be purified by recrystallization. Chemistry practicals in the sixth form laboratory are mostly conducted in the fume cupboard. If you need the medicine right away, you can skip the drying step. Making aspirin from salicylic acid the student room. The aspirin product is not very soluble in water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added.
Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics. They therefore stop your body making prostaglandins, some of which stimulate. Acetylsalicylic acid, also known as aspirin, is one of the most widely used medications to reduce fever and is also used as a pain killer. The crude product aspirin prepared is relatively impure and may be purified by recrystallisation.
Measuring the melting point and comparing values in books. Synthesis of aspirin experiment chemistry libretexts. Quantitative analysis of aspirin further analysis conclusion the overall objectives of. The industrial advantages of ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride in the manufacture of the drug aspirin. Lay them on a rock or other dry place in the sun for several hours. Im pretty sure we do a lot more on the chemistry of benzene rings in a2 chemistry which will hopefully explain the difference in properties. Aspirin determination percentage yield of aspirin aspirin back titration calculation. The college provides lab coats, safety spectacles, goggles, books for class use, but you need to provide. It is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and as an antiinflammatory medication.
Aspirin synthesis lab report by alissa lockwood on prezi. The starting material, for this synthesis, is 2hydroxybenzoic acid salicylic acid. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book pdf. Although the salicin in willow bark has analgesic properties, purified salicylic acid was bitter and irritating when taken orally. It is a white, crystalline, weakly acidic substance which melts at 5c. You need to buy the course textbook, a level chemistry for ocr a by ritchie and gent for study at home. Aspirin, one of the first drugs to come into common usage, is still mostly the widely used in the world approximately 35,000 metric tonnes are produced and consumed annually, enough to make over 100 billion standard aspirin tablets every year.
But yeah i know for sure that phenol is much more acidic than alcohol group phenol can make salts with alkalis but not not carbonates and phenols cant be oxidized under reflux by potassium dichromate. The synthesis of aspirin procedure steps 3 5 were repeated twice more for two more titrations. There are likely to be questions in any of the three a level papers and on the as papers, if you are taking as chemistry that test your knowledge and understanding of practical work. The method of making rubber stamps is the contribution of mr. Acetic anhydride reacts with salicylic acid to yield the ester aspirin. An ester is a compound that is formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol, oh group. Clamp a 50 cm3 roundbottomed flask so that it is partially submerged in the. Aspirin is the generic medical name for the chemical acetylsalicylic acid, a derivative of salicylic acid. Allow the conical flask to cool slowly and white needles of aspirin. Aspirin is more soluble in basic alkaline solutions, so it readily dissolves in the duodenum which is the first part of the intestine. Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. Since acetic acid is very soluble in water, it is easily separated from the aspirin product. Aug 04, 2010 an a2 level exam style question covering ph, pka, titration and indicators, designed to encourage students to apply their knowledge in a less familiar cont.
This textbook has been updated to cover the new specifications for as and a2 chemistry, and improved with new features and rewritten material to enhance learning and increase accessibility. Formation of an ironphenol complex with fe lll gives a definite color ranging from red to violet. This reaction is the reverse of the synthesis reaction. Results and conclusion for aspirin synthesis essay. Practical work brings science to life, helping students make sense of the. Alevel applied sciencefinding out about substancestitration. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves heat the flask gently on the steam bath for at least 10 minutes. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to be taken directly pka1 2.
It is divided into separate sections for as and a level making it ideal for students studying both the as and the a level and also those taking the as. Practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. You can also buy a copy of this book via the royal society of chemistry online shop for. A catalogue for this book is available from the british library. How aspirin is made production process, manufacture. If you will be calculating actual and theoretical yield, be sure to record how much salicylic acid you actually measured add 6 ml of acetic anhydride and 58 drops of 85% phosphoric acid to the flask. May 23, 2011 acetylsalicylic acid, also known as aspirin, is one of the most widely used medications to reduce fever and is also used as a pain killer. If you are not in immediate need of the medicine, you should allow the strips to dry out a bit before using them.
Evaluation of lowdose aspirin for primary prevention of. H nmr and c nmr spectra and chemical shift data from the chemistry data booklet to suggest possible structures or part structures for molecules. Unit 5 practical course practical 1 determination of a rate equation 1. Aspirin is only found in individuals who have consumed this drug. Out of 261,065 incident patients with diabetes, 15,849 6. Aspirin was first isolated by felix hoffmann, a chemist with the german company bayer in 1897.
Preparation and standardization of hcl procedure part 4. Compared to nonusers, the adjusted hazard ratio 95% confidence interval of lowdose aspirin users for hospitalization due to ischemic stroke was 1. H nmr spectra are obtained using samples dissolved in deuterated solvents or ccl use. Our international publishing portfolio covers the core chemical sciences including. Add 10 drops of aqueous 1% ferric chloride solution to a test tube containing a few crystals of the compound to be tested dissolved in 5 ml water and note the color. A curriculum resource for post16 chemistry and science courses. I am greatly indebted to mary fieser for valuable technical assistance, for the drawings from which the wax plates were constructed, and for a preliminary draft of the scheme of qualitative analysis. Aspirin is an orally administered nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. Making aspirin in alevel chemistry meoncross school. Practical 3 determination of an equilibrium constant. Aspirin is the most widely used overthecounter drug in the world. After careful weighing, the necessary ingredients are mixed and compressed into units of granular mixture called slugs. Place a 250 cm3 beaker, halffilled with water, on top of a tripod and gauze. Aspirin originally was derived by boiling the bark of the white willow tree.
The use of salicylic acid to alleviate pain has been known for thousands of years from the extracts of willow bark. If the liquid is pure it will have the boiling point referred to in data books. Aspirin tablets of the same dosage amount are manufactured in batches. Collect about 3 cups of water and purify it by adding chlorine or ozone. This is accomplished by dissolving the acid in warm ethyl alcohol, adding cold water, and then allowing it to recrystallize in. This guide includes details about the pags for alevel chemistry. Aspirin book resource rsc education royal society of chemistry. The slugs are then filtered to remove air and lumps, and are compressed again or punched into numerous individual tablets. These reactions are all considered together because their chemistry is so similar. The first step of the synthesis involves mixing salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride. Updates to alevel calculation guideswith 2 comments. Aspirin is follows aspirin through its birth ancient sumer andor egypt using willow bark as medicinal treatment, childhood purification, chemical synthesis, adolescence the race for monopoly and profit, adulthood most popular drug on the planet, midlife crisis advent of new drugs such as tylenol and ibuprofen, and its sudden discovery that there is life after middleage use as. Make up a volumetric solution and carry out a simple acidbase titration. Pdf preparing a pure aspirin acetylsalicylic acid researchgate.
The aspirin isolated in this step is the crude product. As part of your a level course you will be expected to prepare an organic solid, so even if youre not specifically making aspirin, a lot of the techniques and safety considerations are similar. It covers all the main specifications for the english and welsh awarding bodies, and should be particularly suitable for students approaching alevel from gcse science. This paper tests your knowledge of inorganic chemistry, energetics and equilibria. See more ideas about chemistry, chemistry a level and teaching chemistry. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to. Wm3 investigating the chemistry of the oh group in various environments wm4 interpretation of the mass spectrum of salicylic acid wm5. Practical 4 the preparation of aspirin practical 5 the preparation of ethyl ethanoate practical 6. Synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid objectives to perform and explain the reactions of acid anhydrides to synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid safety perform the experiment in a wellventilated room. Were interested in using that same concept to make surfaces antiviral. Due to its wide range of uses, the demand for this pharmaceutical is very high. Click here to view some great books which can aid your learning. Results and conclusion for aspirin synthesis essay medicine.
Edexcel chemistry a level revision guideswith 3 comments. This page looks at the reactions of acid anhydrides with water, alcohols and phenols including the manufacture of aspirin. These books are not hosted on our servers and these books are material of their respective publishersorganizations. How to synthesize aspirin without using acetic anhydride. The college provides lab coats, safety spectacles, goggles, books for class use, but you need to provide your own stationery and scientific calculator. Two of the first ingredients in margarine are water and oil. Outline the method for the preparation of aspirin using 2hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid with ethanoic anhydride 1 add to 50cm3 pear shaped flask the two substances followed by a few drops of a phosphoric acid catalyst and swirl to mix.
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